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Introduction: Choosing the appropriate sunscreen can sometimes be as challenging as deciphering an unfamiliar language. You may have come across numerous recommendations for using sunscreens that contain titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, but what makes these components so essential for safeguarding against the sun’s harmful effects? Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are two naturally occurring …

Why Zinc Oxide is Better to Formulate with Than Titanium Dioxide. Read More »

Introduction: A common product that helps shield the skin from the sun’s damaging rays is sunscreen. It functions by absorbing or reflecting ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, which can harm the skin and raise the risk of developing skin cancer. Active ingredients found in most sunscreens include zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. which are …

The Difference Between Mineral and Chemical Sunscreens: Which is Better? Read More »

Introduction: Two immiscible liquids are combined to form emulsions, which are stabilized by an emulsifying agent to stop separation. Surfactants, which lower the interfacial tension between the two phases and facilitate easier mixing, are commonly used as emulsifying agents. Oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are the two basic varieties of emulsions (Graillat, Lepais-Masmejean, & …

Difference between Oil in water (O/W) and Water in Oil (W/O) Read More »

Abstract: The effects of surface coatings on the acute and long-term toxicity of six zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) against the marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus were investigated in this work. Yet, the copepod’s antioxidant gene expression revealed that these variations were caused by the hydrodynamic size and ion dissolution. In acute testing, bare and hydrophobic particles …

Zinc Oxide Coatings Read More »